The widespread name of Ganesha in Thailand is Phra Phikanet. In the Burmese language, Ganesha is known as Maha Peinne ( မဟာပိန္နဲ, pronounced ), derived from Pali Mahā Wināyaka ( မဟာဝိနာယက). Anita Raina Thapan notes that the root word pille in the name Pillaiyar might have originally meant "the young of the elephant", because the Pali word pillaka means "a young elephant". He adds that the words pallu, pella, and pell in the Dravidian family of languages signify "tooth or tusk", also " elephant tooth or tusk". Narain differentiates these terms by saying that pillai means a "child" while pillaiyar means a "noble child". Ī prominent name for Ganesha in the Tamil language is Pillai ( Tamil: பிள்ளை) or Pillaiyar ( பிள்ளையார்). The names Vighnesha ( विघ्नेश vighneśa) and Vighneshvara ( विघ्नेश्वर vighneśvara) (Lord of Obstacles) refers to his primary function in Hinduism as the master and remover of obstacles ( vighna). This name is reflected in the naming of the eight famous Ganesha temples in Maharashtra known as the Ashtavinayak ( Marathi: अष्टविनायक, aṣṭavināyaka). Vinayaka ( विनायक vināyaka) or Binayaka is a common name for Ganesha that appears in the Purāṇas and in Buddhist Tantras. The Amarakosha, an early Sanskrit lexicon, lists eight synonyms of Ganesha: Vinayaka, Vighnarāja (equivalent to Vighnesha), Dvaimātura (one who has two mothers), Gaṇādhipa (equivalent to Ganapati and Ganesha), Ekadanta (one who has one tusk), Heramba, Lambodara (one who has a pot belly, or, literally, one who has a hanging belly), and Gajanana ( gajānana) having the face of an elephant. Though the earliest mention of the word Ganapati is found in hymn 2.23.1 of the 2nd-millennium BCE Rigveda, it is however uncertain that the Vedic term referred specifically to Ganesha. Ganapati ( गणपति gaṇapati), a synonym for Ganesha, is a compound composed of gaṇa, meaning "group", and pati, meaning "ruler" or "lord". Some commentators interpret the name "Lord of the Gaṇas" to mean "Lord of Hosts" or "Lord of created categories", such as the elements. The term more generally means a category, class, community, association, or corporation. The word gaṇa when associated with Ganesha is often taken to refer to the gaṇas, a troop of semi-divine beings that form part of the retinue of Shiva, Ganesha's father. The name Ganesha is a Sanskrit compound, joining the words gana ( gaṇa), meaning a 'group, multitude, or categorical system' and isha ( īśa), meaning 'lord or master'. The Hindu title of respect Shri ( Sanskrit: श्री IAST: śrī also spelled Sri or Shree) is often added before his name. Ganesha has been ascribed many other titles and epithets, including Ganapati ( Ganpati), Vighneshvara, and Pillaiyar. Ganesha, Gupta Period (4th-6th century CE), Art of Mathura. Brahma Purana and Brahmanda Purana are other two Puranic genre encyclopaedic texts that deal with Ganesha. The principal texts on Ganesha include the Ganesha Purana, the Mudgala Purana and the Ganapati Atharvasirsha. In the Ganapatya tradition of Hinduism, Ganesha is the supreme deity. Hindu mythology identifies him as the restored son of Parvati and Shiva of the Shaivism tradition, but he is a pan-Hindu god found in its various traditions. Most certainly by the 4th and 5th centuries CE, during the Gupta period, Ganesha was well established and had inherited traits from Vedic and pre-Vedic precursors. Several texts relate mythological anecdotes associated with his birth and exploits.Īn elephant–headed anthropomorphic figure on Indo-Greek coins from the 1st century BCE has been proposed by some scholars to be "incipient Ganesha", while others have suggested Ganesha may have been an emerging deity in India and southeast Asia around the 2nd century CE based on the evidence from archaeological excavations in Mathura and outside India. Ganesha is also invoked as a patron of letters and learning during writing sessions. As the god of beginnings, he is honored at the start of rites and ceremonies. He is widely revered, more specifically, as the remover of obstacles and thought to bring good luck the patron of arts and sciences and the deva of intellect and wisdom. Īlthough Ganesha has many attributes, he is readily identified by his elephant head. Devotion to Ganesha is widely diffused and extends to Jains and Buddhists. Hindu denominations worship him regardless of affiliations. His image is found throughout India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia ( Java and Bali), Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Bangladesh and in countries with large ethnic Indian populations including Fiji, Guyana, Mauritius, and Trinidad and Tobago. Ganesha ( Sanskrit: गणेश, IAST: Gaṇeśa), also known as Ganapati and Vinayaka, is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon.
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